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''Phellodendron amurense'' Rupr. is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae, commonly called the Amur cork tree. It is a major source of ''huáng bò'' ( or 黄檗), one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. The Ainu people used this plant, called shikerebe-ni, as a painkiller. Native to eastern Asia; northern China, Manchuria, Korea, Ussuri, Amur, and Japan, the Amur cork tree is considered invasive in many parts of North America. The State of Massachusetts lists it as a noxious weed.〔Bruce Marlin: (''Phellodendron amurense'' )〕 ==Medicinal use== It has been used as a Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of meningitis, bacillary dysentery, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and liver cirrhosis.〔 Hsu, K. J. Chinese Traditional Medicine; ''Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Publication Co.'': Beijing, 1996; p 802. 〕〔(3) Gray, A. I.; Bhandari, P.; Waterman, P. G. ''Phytochemistry'' 1988, 27, 1805−1808. 〕 Used orally to treat abdominal pain, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis and urinary tract infections. Berberine has been shown to be effective for the treatment of bacterially-induced diarrhoea and ocular trachoma. and cutaneous leishmaniasis〔WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16713e/s16713e.pdf#page=252〕 ''Phellodendron amurense'' may protect cartilage against osteoarthritis progression.〔 Kim J.-H., Huh J.-E., Baek Y.-H., Lee J.-D., Choi D.-Y., Park D.-S."Effect of Phellodendron amurense in protecting human osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes." Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 134 (2) (pp 234-242), 2011〕 It may prove to be a potentially important chemopreventive agent for lung cancer.〔James M.A., Fu H., Liu Y., Chen D., You M. "Dietary administration of berberine or Phellodendron amurense extract inhibits cell cycle progression and lung tumorigenesis." ''Molecular Carcinogenesis.'' 50 (1) (pp 1-7), 2011.〕 ''Phellodendron amurense'' is able to inhibit prostatic contractility suggesting that it may be useful in the treatment of urological disorders caused by prostatic urethral obstruction such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).〔 Xu Y., Ventura S. "Extracts of bark from the traditional Chinese herb Phellodendron amurense inhibit contractility of the isolated rat prostate gland."''Journal of Ethnopharmacology''. 127 (1) (pp 196-199), 2010.〕 Nexrutine (bark extract from ''Phellodendron amurense'') may have potential to prevent prostate tumor development.〔 Ghosh R., Graham H., Rivas P., Tan X.J., Crosby K., Bhaskaran S., Schoolfield J., Banu J., Fernandes G., Yeh I.-T., Kumar A.P.,"Phellodendron amurense bark extract prevents progression of prostate tumors in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate: Potential for prostate cancer management". ''Anticancer Research.'' 30 (3) (pp 857-866), 2010〕 Proprietary extracts of ''Magnolia officinalis'' and ''Phellodendron amurense'' may help overweight/obese people.〔Garrison R., Chambliss W.G."Effect of a proprietary Magnolia and Phellodendron extract on weight management: A pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial". ''Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine''. 12 (1) (pp 50-54), 2006〕 Compounds in the leaves (quercetin, quercetin-3-''O''-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin-3-''O''-beta-D-galactoside and kaempferol-3-''O''-beta-D-glucoside) demonstrated significant free radical scavenging activity comparable to vitamin E.〔Leu C.-H., Li C.-Y., Yao X., Wu T.-S."Constituents from the leaves of Phellodendron amurense and their antioxidant activity." ''Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin''. 54 (9) (pp 1308-1311), 2006.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phellodendron amurense」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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